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Microbiome composition indicate dysbiosis and lower richness in tumor breast tissues compared to healthy adjacent paired tissue, within the same women

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women, in whom it reaches 20% of the total neoplasia incidence. Most BCs are considered sporadic and a number of factors, including familiarity, age, hormonal cycles and diet, have been reported to be BC risk factors. | Esposito et al. BMC Cancer 2022 22 30 https doi.org 10.1186 s12885-021-09074-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Microbiome composition indicate dysbiosis and lower richness in tumor breast tissues compared to healthy adjacent paired tissue within the same women Maria Valeria Esposito1 2 Bruno Fosso3 Marcella Nunziato1 2 Giorgio Casaburi4 Valeria D Argenio1 2 5 Alessandra Calabrese6 Massimiliano D Aiuto6 7 Gerardo Botti8 Graziano Pesole3 9 and Francesco Salvatore1 2 Abstract Background Breast cancer BC is the most common malignancy in women in whom it reaches 20 of the total neoplasia incidence. Most BCs are considered sporadic and a number of factors including familiarity age hormonal cycles and diet have been reported to be BC risk factors. Also the gut microbiota plays a role in breast cancer devel- opment. In fact its imbalance has been associated to various human diseases including cancer although a conse- quential cause-effect phenomenon has never been proven. Methods The aim of this work was to characterize the breast tissue microbiome in 34 women affected by BC using an NGS-based method and analyzing the tumoral and the adjacent non-tumoral tissue of each patient. Results The healthy and tumor tissues differed in bacterial composition and richness the number of Amplicon Sequence Variants ASVs was higher in healthy tissues than in tumor tissues p 0.001 . Moreover our analyses able to investigate from phylum down to species taxa for each sample revealed major differences in the two richest phyla namely Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Notably the levels of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were respec- tively higher and lower in healthy with respect to tumor tissues. Conclusions Our study provides information about the breast tissue microbial composition as compared with very closely adjacent healthy tissue paired samples within the same woman the differences found are such to have possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications further studies are necessary .