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The validity of central venous to arterial carbon dioxide difference to predict adequate fluid management during living donor liver transplantation. A prospective observational study

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To assess the validity of central and pulmonary veno-arterial CO2 gradients to predict fluid responsiveness and to guide fluid management during liver transplantation. Methods: In adult recipients (ASA III to IV) scheduled for liver transplantation, intraoperative fluid management was guided by pulse pressure variations (PPV). |