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Hybrid organic molecules as antiinflammatory agents; a review of structural features and biological activity

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Some undesirable effects are linked with NSAIDs such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) toxicity and cardiovascular disturbances. At present the preparation of a hybrid molecular technique is being used to produce new analgesic and antiinflammatory molecules. Attachment of NSAIDs with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide releasing molecules produced some gastroprotective agents with improved analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Combination of NSAIDs with different biologically active 5-membered, 6-membered, and condensed heterocyclic rings has also led to the formation of some potent molecules. | Turkish Journal of Chemistry Turk J Chem 2018 42 1 20 http journals.tubitak.gov.tr chem ITAK c TUB Research Article doi 10.3906 kim-1706-58 Hybrid organic molecules as antiinflammatory agents a review of structural features and biological activity Noor ul Amin MOHSIN1 Matloob AHMAD2 1 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan 2 Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan Received 25.06.2017 Accepted Published Online 09.09.2017 Final Version 08.02.2018 Abstract Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs are widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Some undesirable effects are linked with NSAIDs such as the gastrointestinal tract GIT toxicity and cardiovascular disturbances. At present the preparation of a hybrid molecular technique is being used to produce new analgesic and antiinflammatory molecules. Attachment of NSAIDs with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide releasing molecules produced some gastroprotective agents with improved analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Combination of NSAIDs with different biologically active 5-membered 6-membered and condensed heterocyclic rings has also led to the formation of some potent molecules. Some of these hybrid molecules e.g. ibuprofen thiazole exhibited less GIT toxicity while others showed selectivity for COX-2 enzyme e.g. quinazolinone pyrimidine and benzothiophene rhodanine hybrids. COX-2 selectivity was also exhibited by hybrids of NSAIDs with natural molecules such as salicylates resveratrol chromone oxindole and chrysin indole pyrazole. The preparation of new hybrid molecules is significant because they can serve as a lead compound for the discovery and development of safer analgesic and antiinflammatory agents. Key words NSAIDs hybrids pharmacophore inflammation gastrointestinal toxicity cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 car- rageenan induced paw edema 1. Introduction Inflammation is a physiological process that results from some .