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Variceal bleeding is aggravated by portal venous invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: A matched nested case-control study

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We hypothesized that portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases portal pressure and causes esophageal varices and variceal bleedings. We examined the incidence of high-risk varices and variceal bleeding and determined the indications for variceal screening and prophylaxis. |