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Tuning the performance of CAR T cell immunotherapies

Simultaneous advances in gene editing, T cell engineering and biotechnology currently provide an opportunity for rapid progress in medicine. The approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission have generated substantial momentum for these first-in-class therapies to be used in patients with B cell malignancies. | Richardson et al. BMC Biotechnology 2019 19 84 https doi.org 10.1186 s12896-019-0576-9 BMC Biotechnology REVIEW Open Access Tuning the performance of CAR T cell immunotherapies Check for updates Noah H. Richardson Jordan B. Luttrell Jonathan S. Bryant Damian Chamberlain Saleem Khawaja Indira Neeli and Marko Radic Abstract Background Simultaneous advances in gene editing T cell engineering and biotechnology currently provide an opportunity for rapid progress in medicine. The approval of chimeric antigen receptor CAR T cell therapies by the US Food and Drug Administration FDA and the European Commission have generated substantial momentum for these first-in-class therapies to be used in patients with B cell malignancies. Main body Considerable efforts focus on improved outcomes and reduced side effects of the newly approved therapies. Using innovative strategies researchers aim to extend CAR T cell use to tackle difficulties inherent in solid tumors. Efforts are underway to broaden the applications of CAR T cells and the strategy has been successful in chronic viral infections and preclinical models of autoimmunity. Research is in progress to generate off-the-shelf CAR T cells an advance which would greatly increase patient availability and reduce treatment cost. Conclusions In this thematic review we highlight advances that may help develop genetically engineered cells into a new category of medical therapies. Keywords Immunotherapy CAR T cells Chimeric antigen receptors Cancer Autoimmunity Background The remarkable success of CAR T cells in cancer patients who had failed to respond to standard treatments has captured the attention of researchers and the public at large 1 . The emergence of CAR T cells as therapeutic options with proven efficacy for B cell cancers is bolstered by the complete remission seen in most patients and the years of sustained efficacy that are possible. Potentially serious side effects although deserving of continued attention are largely .