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A mosaic form of microphthalmia with linear skin defects

Microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental X-dominant disorder. It presents in females as it is normally lethal in males. Three causative genes for MLS syndrome (OMIM 309801) have been identified all taking part in mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. | Prepeluh et al. BMC Pediatrics 2018 18 254 https doi.org 10.1186 s12887-018-1234-4 CASE REPORT Open Access A mosaic form of microphthalmia with linear skin defects I I kA A D ỊS i- kA A I I I La 1 D kA I A kA I kA V k A A V2- A v k4 I A A f-1 kA kA V A k4 I r kA I I 1 A v k4 I A f s I I I Ia 1 A kA k4 t I A k4 I A 1 kA lx A I I kA lx A 1 3 Nina Prepeluh Bojan Korpar Andreja zagorac Boris zagradisnik Andreja Golub ana Nadja Kokalj vOKac Abstract Background Microphthalmia with linear skin defects MLS syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental X-dominant disorder. It presents in females as it is normally lethal in males. Three causative genes for MLS syndrome OMIM 309801 have been identified all taking part in mitochondrial respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In our case we describe a newborn with mosaic deletion encompassing HCCS gene resulting in unilateral microphthalmia and facial skin lesions. Case presentation A girl was born with caesarean section at 40 weeks of gestation. Clinical findings revealed anophthalmia of the left eye. The left eyelids were intact the orbit was empty and the right eye was normal without any abnormalities. She had typical linear skin defects on the left cheek one on the left side of the neck and two on the 3th and 4th fingers of the left hand. The other clinical findings and the neurological exam were normal. US of the brain and EEG were normal. Molecular karyotyping using BlueGnome CytoChip Oligo 4x 180K array was performed detecting an approximately 18 mosaic 3.3 Mb deletion arr GRCh37 Xp22.31p22.2 8 622 553_11 887 361 x 1 0.18 . FISH using RPCI11-768H20 BAC clone on cultivated interphase and metaphase lymphocytes was used to confirm the array results. The observed deletion was present in 29 of cells 46 XX ish del p22.2p22.31 RPCI11-768H20 60 205 . Conclusions In this report we present a female proband with MLS syndrome. To our knowledge there have been only few other cases of mosaic MLS syndrome described in the literature.