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Aflotoxin: A higher threat of health hazards for the Bivoltine silkworms in temperate zones - A review

The main aim of this review study was to know the effects by aflatoxin of mycotoxin fungal diseases for the health hazards of silkworm Bombyx mori and series of events that led to the discovery of aflatoxin as a potent carcinogen. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 may be referred as the toxic and produced by the Aspergillus fungal diseases, among all the Aflatoxins, B1 and G1 are highly toxic to the silkworm, which is carcinogenic in nature and can be occurred immediately higher incidence in bivoltine silkworms than in multivoltine and cross breed. The outbreak of aflatoxin was maximum in early instar larvae compare to later instar larvae & in the area of high humidity & temperature during rainy, winter seasons & also in the unhygienic condition of silkworm rearing rooms and mulberry gardens; etc. The symptoms of toxicity are larvae stop feeding, become lethargic, show body tension, lustrousness, chronic diseases, reproductive interference, immune suppression, finally die soon due to aflatoxin produced by the fungus in the host and will impact on the economic loss of crop productivity of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Hence, a review was framed to prevent the aflatoxin producing fungal attack as a precautionary high alert for the sericulturists of temperate region and may overcome by maintaining optimum temp, RH & hygienic condition in silkworm rearing climate, minimizes utilization of chemical fertilizers & insecticides in mulberry garden, developing silkworm breeds or races tolerant to aspergillosis could be a worthwhile attempt by silkworm breeders. Apart, utilization of advanced biotechnological and nano-technological tools for proper control and eradication of aflatoxin contamination and proper care should be taken for persistence and crossing of aflatoxins from other insects to/from mulberry garden & rearing room in the temperate bivoltine producing zones of the country and abroad. | Aflotoxin: A higher threat of health hazards for the Bivoltine silkworms in temperate zones - A review