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Switchgear and protection

The document Switchgear and protection present: protective relaying; electromagnetic relasys; differential protection; distance protection; generator protesction; induction motor protection; transformer protection; carrier aided protection and static relays; theory of arc quenching; circuit breakers; power system earthing; protection against overvoltage. Invite you to refer. | Protection and Switchgear u. A. Bakshi M. V. Bakshi Technical Publications Pune Table of Contents Chapter-1 Protective Relaying 1-1 to 1-34 1 1 Introd I irtinn 1-1 1.2 Functions of Protective Relaying.1-2 13. Protective Zcnes. 1-2 1.4 Primary and Backup Protection.1-4 1.4.1 Concept of Backup Relaying .ra 1.4.2 Methods al Backup Protection . . .1-6 1.5 Nature and Causes Qf Faults. 1.6 Fault Current Calculation using Symmetrical Components.1-9 1.7 Essential Qualities of Protective Relaying.1-11 1.7.1 Refcabiily. . . 1-11 1.7.2 SeieaMty and Dtolmlnafon. 1-12 1.7.3 Speed and Tro. 1-13 1.7.4 SenaSbty. 1-13 1.7.5 Stability . 1-14 1.7.6 Adequateness.1-14 17 7 Simplicty and Economy . 1-14 1.8 Classification of Protective Relays.1-15 1 8 1 Electromagnetic Attraction Type Relays. 1-15 1.8.2 Induction Type Relays. . . MS 1.8 3 Directional Type Relays. .1-16 1.8.4 Relays Bated on Timing. 1-16 1 8 5 Distance Type Relays . . . 1-16 1.86 Differential Type Relays . . .1-16 1 8 7 Other Types of Relays. 1-17 19 Terminologies used In Protective Relaying.1-17 110 Instrument Transformers. .L2J 1.11 Current Transformers C.T. .1-21 ----1111 Working Principle. . . T71 1.12 Construction of Current Transformers. -.122 1.12.1 Wound Type Current Transformer 4 U2 1.12.2 Bar Type Cunent Transformer.1-24 1 13 Why Secondary of C T. Should not be Qpan .1-24 1 14 Potential Transformers P.T. .1-25 ----vx 1.15 Comparison of C T. and P.T.1-27 1.16 Errors in lhe Instrument Transformer. .1-28 1 16-1 RaboEr-cx._. 1-2S 1.16.2 Phase Angle Error. 129 1 16 3 Reduction of Ratio and Phase Angie Errors. 1-31 1.17 Advantages and Disadvantages of Instrument Transformers.1-33 Review Questions.1-33 Chapter-2 Electromagnetic Relays 2-1 to 2-32 2.1 Introduction___________________________________________________________________2d 2.1.1 Basic TnpC cu Operation. 2-1 2.1.2 Auxfary Switefr.2-2 2.2 Tripping Schemes in Circuit Breaker.2-2 2.2.1 Relays wth Maks Type Contact.2-3 2.22 Relay with Break Type Contact. . 24 2.3 .