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Diagnosis mnemonics of differential: Part 2

(BQ) Contniued part 1, part 2 of the document Diagnosis mnemonics of differential has contents: Nephrology, acid base, gastroenterology, rheumatology, neurology, clinical conditions or diagnoses, clinical symptoms and signs, general considerations. Invite you to refer. | mD Nephrology General Considerations There are two ways of approaching renal disease 1 based on etiology as outlined in the MEDICINE DOC mnemonic and 2 based on pathology from a renal biopsy. It is important to recognize that the same disease process can cause different pathological processes in the kidney for example systemic lupus erythematosus may cause a variety of renal lesions . Metabolic-e.g. amyloidosis hyperuricemia Endocrine e.g. hypercalcemia hyper and hypothyroidism SIADH and diabetes insipidus Drugs medicines-e.g. chemotherapeutic agents antibiotics radiocontrast dye Infection-e.g. HIV-related tuberculosis pyelonephritis Congenital polycystic kidney disease Alport s syndrome reflux nephropathy Immunologic-e.g. Goodpasture s Wegener s granulomatosis SLE Neoplastic-e.g. renal cell carcinoma transitional cell carcinoma tumor lysis syndrome Exotic diseases-e.g. sarcoidosis ITP cryoglobulinemia Degenerative-agi ng hypertension Occupational environmental-trauma Cardiovascular-e.g. atherosclerosis hypertensive nephropathy cholesterol emboli A multitude of metabolic disorders may cause renal disease. These include amyloidosis hypercalcemia and other diseases that lead to abnormal increases in metabolic products in the blood stream. Hyperlipidemia leading to atherosclerosis also could be considered a metabolic disease leading to renal insufficiency. Endocrine diseases may be made manifest by renal insufficiency. Again hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism can lead to renal failure and or nephrolithiasis. Diabetes can cause proteinuria or progressive renal insufficiency and ultimately renal failure. Other endocrine syndromes involving the kidney include SIADH and hypo- and hyperthyroidism. In addition renal cell carcinoma may have several associated paraneoplastic syndromes. Nephrology 131 Drugs are a frequent cause of renal insufficiency and virtually any drug can cause renal disease. A common problem is renal insufficiency induced by antihypertensive