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Ebook Medical mycology - Current trends and guture prospects: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Medical mycology - Current trends and guture prospects" has contents: Classic histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis - An endemic mycosis in the americas, fungal allergens - recent trends and future prospects, fungalbiofilms - Formation, resistance and pathogenicity,. and other contents. | SECTION III Classic Mycoses Caused by Dimorphic Fungi © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CHAPTER 8 Classic Histoplasmosis Ricardo Negroni Introduc on Classic histoplasmosis or histoplasmosis capsulati is a systemic endemic mycosis, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. This microorganism lives in the environment, especially in the soil, where it exists as mould. In blood-agar medium at 37ºC and in tissues it grows as a budding yeast. In the infected organs these yeasts are inside the cells of the reticuloendothelial system (Arenas 2011; Bonifaz 2012). Histoplasmosis has been registered in more than 60 countries, but it is more frequent in the middle east area of U.S.A. and in Latin America (Borelli 1970). The infection is produced by inhalation of microconidia and the lungs are its portal of entry. The majority of the infections in immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic or mild and self-limited (Larsh 1970). The severity of the respiratory manifestations is related to the amount of conidia inhaled (Goodwin et al. 1981). Chronic progressive pulmonary histoplasmosis is detected in males above 50 years of age with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Goodwin et al. 1981; George and Penn 1993). Acute or chronic disseminated histoplasmosis occurs in patients with cell-mediated immunity failures and it is a life-threatening disease (Goodwin et al. 1980; Alsip and Dismukes 1986). Amphotericin B and itraconazole have been successfully applied in the treatment of this mycosis (Wheat 2002). History In 1904, when Samuel Darling was working at the Ancon Canal zones Hospital, he observed the first fatal case of disseminated histoplasmosis. He performed the autopsy Consultant MD, Mycology Unit, Hospital de Infecciosas Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Director de la Maestría en Micología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. E-mail: ricnegroni@hotmail.com © 2016 by .