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Lecture Biology (6e): Chapter 13 - Campbell, Reece

Chapter 13 - Meiosis and sexual life cycles. This chapter presents the following content: Somatic cell and gamete, autosome and sex chromosomes, haploid and diploid; describe the events that characterize each phase of meiosis; describe three events that occur during meiosis I but not mitosis; name and explain the three events that contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. | CHAPTER 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: An Introduction to Heredity 1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 2. Like begets like, more or less: a comparison of asexual and sexual reproduction Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely related individuals of the same species. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or inheritance. However, offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of genes. Your genome is derived from the thousands of genes that you inherited from your mother and your father. Genes program specific traits that emerge as we develop from fertilized eggs into adults. Your genome may include a gene for freckles, which you inherited from your mother. 1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Genes are segments of DNA. Genetic information is transmitted as specific sequences of the four deoxyribonucleotides in DNA. This is analogous to the symbolic information of letters in which words and sentences are translated into mental images. Cells translate genetic “sentences” into freckles and other features with no resemblance to genes. Most genes program cells to synthesize specific enzymes and other proteins that produce an organism’s inherited traits. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The transmission of hereditary traits has its molecular basis in the precise replication of DNA. This produces copies of genes that can be passed from parents . | CHAPTER 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: An Introduction to Heredity 1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 2. Like begets like, more or less: a comparison of asexual and sexual reproduction Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely related individuals of the same species. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or inheritance. However, offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. Introduction Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of genes. Your genome is derived from the thousands of genes that you inherited from your mother and your father. Genes .