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Lecture Introduction to linguistics: Phonology (Part 2)

Lecture Introduction to linguistics: Phonology (Part 2). In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Phonology, phone, phoneme, allophone, minimal pairs, free variation, co-articulation effects, supra segmental features. | Phonology (2) Dr. Ansa Hameed Phonology Phone Phoneme Allophone Minimal Pairs Free Variation Previously Co-articulation Effects Supra segmental Features Today’s Lecture ORIGIN AND HISTORY The term co-articulation dates from the 1930s when Menzerath and De Lacerda published a book: Koartikulation, Stererung und Lautabgrenzung (1933). Since the late 1960s the experimental investigation of coarticulation has developed into a major area of research. The phenomenon of co-articulation became apparent with the detailed investigation of co-articulatory effects. Co-Articulation Effects Articulation is how speech sounds are produced, made or articulated. Co-articulation is the way in which the movements of different articulators affect each other and the ways in which preceding and following articulations of an individual articulator affect its current articulation. “The process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next is called co-articulation”. Co-Articulation Effects There are two well known co-articulation effects: Assimilation Elision Co-Articulation Effects ASSIMILATION Assimilation is a regular and frequent sound change process by which a phoneme changes to match an adjacent phoneme in a word. A common example of assimilation is vowels being nasalized before nasal consonants as it is difficult to change the shape of the mouth sufficiently quickly. “When two phonemes occur in sequence and some aspects of one phoneme is taken or copied by another, the process is known as assimilation”. Co-Articulation Effects Types of Assimilation Co-Articulation Effects PROGRESSIVE ASSIMILATION If the phoneme changes to match the preceding phoneme, it is progressive assimilation. Progressive assimilation is also known as left-to-right or perseveratory or preservative, lagging or lag assimilation. “If a phoneme is affected by one that comes earlier in the utterance, this assimilation is termed as progressive”. For example: Baking, Organ, Bacon Co-Articulation Effects . | Phonology (2) Dr. Ansa Hameed Phonology Phone Phoneme Allophone Minimal Pairs Free Variation Previously Co-articulation Effects Supra segmental Features Today’s Lecture ORIGIN AND HISTORY The term co-articulation dates from the 1930s when Menzerath and De Lacerda published a book: Koartikulation, Stererung und Lautabgrenzung (1933). Since the late 1960s the experimental investigation of coarticulation has developed into a major area of research. The phenomenon of co-articulation became apparent with the detailed investigation of co-articulatory effects. Co-Articulation Effects Articulation is how speech sounds are produced, made or articulated. Co-articulation is the way in which the movements of different articulators affect each other and the ways in which preceding and following articulations of an individual articulator affect its current articulation. “The process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next is called co-articulation”. Co-Articulation Effects There .