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Lecture Introduction to linguistics: Semantics

In this chapter, students will be able to understand: Semantics: an introduction, semantics: lexical & sentential, sentential semantics, levels of language, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics. | SEMANTICS (1) Dr. Ansa hameed Previously . Levels of Language Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Today’s Lecture Semantics: An Introduction Semantics: Lexical & Sentential Sentential Semantics Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life .(Joseph Campbell) SEMANTICS Etymology: Greek word: Semantikos Giving signs Definition: The field of linguistics concerned with the study of meanings in language Semantics is traditionally defined as the study of meaning in language. SEMANTICS Use of Term Semantics First used in 1894 in ‘Reflected meanings: a point in semantics’. M. Bréal: ‘An Essay on Semantics’ (1897) Most important usage of the term: Ogden and Richards: ‘The Meaning of Meaning’ (1923) (Malinowski:‘The problem of meaning in primitive languages’) SEMANTICS Why Meaning are Important???? To understand language the meaning of words and of the morphemes that compose them Words into phrases and sentences (Semantics) Context which determines the meaning (Pragmatics) SEMANTICS Difficulty with Meanings: Linguists and dictionary makers face considerable problems in dealing with meaning. There are two traditional schools of theories of meaning: the reference theory and the representation theory . Some have been trying to establish definitions of the meanings of words so that the meaning of linguistic expressions can be given. Saeed (1997) calls it the definition theory. SEMANTICS Referential Theory of Meanings The referential theory holds that a linguistic sign derives its meaning from it refers to something in the reality. This suggests that language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. For example, words like man, fish, are meaningful in that they each refer to an individual or a collection of living beings existing in the reality. However, some linguistic signs, like God, ghost, dragon, unicorn, merely denote something imaginative. SEMANTICS Representational Theory of Meanings The representational theory holds . | SEMANTICS (1) Dr. Ansa hameed Previously . Levels of Language Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Today’s Lecture Semantics: An Introduction Semantics: Lexical & Sentential Sentential Semantics Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life .(Joseph Campbell) SEMANTICS Etymology: Greek word: Semantikos Giving signs Definition: The field of linguistics concerned with the study of meanings in language Semantics is traditionally defined as the study of meaning in language. SEMANTICS Use of Term Semantics First used in 1894 in ‘Reflected meanings: a point in semantics’. M. Bréal: ‘An Essay on Semantics’ (1897) Most important usage of the term: Ogden and Richards: ‘The Meaning of Meaning’ (1923) (Malinowski:‘The problem of meaning in primitive languages’) SEMANTICS Why Meaning are Important???? To understand language the meaning of words and of the morphemes that compose them Words into phrases and sentences (Semantics) Context which determines the meaning .