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Yield characteristics and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in the aegean region of Turkey

Eleven lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) populations originating from different sources in Turkey and European countries were investigated in two ecologically different locations, Menemen and Bozda¤, in the Aegean region of Turkey over three years to determine the populations having high quality and yield. | Turk J Agric For 26 (2002) 217-224 © TÜB‹TAK Yield Characteristics and Essential Oil Composition of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Grown in the Aegean Region of Turkey Ali Osman SARI Aegean Agricultural Research, Institute P. O. Box 9 35661, Menemen, ‹zmir - TURKEY Ayhan CEYLAN Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Bornova, ‹zmir - TURKEY Received: 15.10.2001 Abstract: Eleven lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) populations originating from different sources in Turkey and European countries were investigated in two ecologically different locations, Menemen and Bozda¤, in the Aegean region of Turkey over three years to determine the populations having high quality and yield. There were significant variations between locations, years and populations in terms of yield and quality characters. The ecology was highly suitable in Menemen for growing lemon balm successfully and almost all yield and quality characters in Menemen were significantly higher than those in Bozda¤. The plant height, green herb yield, drug leaves yield and essential oil rate over populations and years were 47.58 cm, 2869 kg.ha-1, 496.9 kg.ha-1 and 0.067% respectively in Menemen while they were 20.73 cm, 416 kg.ha-1, 90.0 kg.ha-1 and 0.036% respectively in Bozda¤. The growth of populations in this study increased after the first year of the trials in both locations; therefore all yields were significantly higher in the second and third years of the trials compared to the first year. The populations numbered 9 and 7, originating from Germany and Romania, had high yield and quality and they were the two most promising populations for lemon balm cultivation in the locations studied. The green herb yield, drug leaves yield and essential oil rate of population 9 over three years at Menemen were 3389 kg.ha-1, 593.1 -1 -1 -1 kg.ha and 0.085% respectively while they were 2888 kg.ha , 565.1 kg.ha and 0.097% respectively for population 7. The main component of the essential oil of the lemon balm .