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Ebook Netter's Essential physiology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Netter's Essential physiology" presents the following contents: Renal physiology, gastrointestinal physiology, endocrine physiology. Invite you to consult. | Section RENAL PHYSIOLOGY The kidneys are the primary avenue for regulating extracellular fluid ECF and electrolyte homeostasis. Their job is to regulate proper ECF volume and solute composition on a minute-to-minute basis. This is accomplished by intrarenal physical forces and feedback systems as well as input from the nervous and endocrine systems. At the same time the kidneys excrete waste excess fluid and electrolytes as well as urea bilirubin drugs and potential toxins and provide key endocrine functions. Chapter 16 Overview Glomerular Filtration and Renal Clearance Chapter 17 Renal Transport Processes Chapter 18 Urine Concentration and Dilution Mechanisms Chapter 19 Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Osmolarity Chapter 20 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance by the Kidneys Review Questions 195 This page intentionally left blank 197 CHAPTER 16 Overview Glomerular Filtration and Renal Clearance STRUCTURE AND OVERALL FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS The kidneys perform a host of functions including the following Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance The kidneys regulate the volume of extracellular fluid through reabsorption and excretion of NaCl and water. They also regulate the plasma levels of other key substances Na K Cl- HCO3- H glucose amino acids Ca2 phosphates . Key renal processes that allow regulation of circulating substances are as follows Filtration of fluid and solutes from the plasma into the nephrons Reabsorption of fluid and solutes out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries Secretion of select substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid which facilitates excretion of the substances both endogenous e.g. K H creatinine ACh NE and exogenous e.g. para-aminohippurate salicylic acid penicillin can be secreted in the urine Excretion of excess fluid electrolytes and other substances e.g. urea bilirubin acid H Regulation of plasma osmolarity Opening and closing specific water channels in the renal collecting ducts .