tailieunhanh - Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture: Chapter 8

Cùng tìm hiểu Layers and Views of a Computer System; Operating System Services; O/S as a Resource Manager;. được trình bày cụ thể trong "Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture: Chapter 8 - Operating System Support". Hy vọng tài liệu là nguồn thông tin hữu ích cho quá trình học tập và nghiên cứu của các bạn. | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 8 Operating System Support Objectives and Functions Convenience Making the computer easier to use Efficiency Allowing better use of computer resources Layers and Views of a Computer System Operating System Services Program creation Program execution Access to I/O devices Controlled access to files System access Error detection and response Accounting O/S as a Resource Manager Types of Operating System Interactive Batch Single program (Uni-programming) Multi-programming (Multi-tasking) Early Systems Late 1940s to mid 1950s No Operating System Programs interact directly with hardware Two main problems: Scheduling Setup time Simple Batch Systems Resident Monitor program Users submit jobs to operator Operator batches jobs Monitor controls sequence of events to process batch When one job is finished, control returns to Monitor which reads next job Monitor handles scheduling Memory | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 8 Operating System Support Objectives and Functions Convenience Making the computer easier to use Efficiency Allowing better use of computer resources Layers and Views of a Computer System Operating System Services Program creation Program execution Access to I/O devices Controlled access to files System access Error detection and response Accounting O/S as a Resource Manager Types of Operating System Interactive Batch Single program (Uni-programming) Multi-programming (Multi-tasking) Early Systems Late 1940s to mid 1950s No Operating System Programs interact directly with hardware Two main problems: Scheduling Setup time Simple Batch Systems Resident Monitor program Users submit jobs to operator Operator batches jobs Monitor controls sequence of events to process batch When one job is finished, control returns to Monitor which reads next job Monitor handles scheduling Memory Layout for Resident Monitor Job Control Language Instructions to Monitor Usually denoted by $ . $JOB $FTN . Some Fortran instructions $LOAD $RUN . Some data $END Desirable Hardware Features Memory protection To protect the Monitor Timer To prevent a job monopolizing the system Privileged instructions Only executed by Monitor . I/O Interrupts Allows for relinquishing and regaining control Multi-programmed Batch Systems I/O devices very slow When one program is waiting for I/O, another can use the CPU Single Program Multi-Programming with Two Programs Multi-Programming with Three Programs Utilization Time Sharing Systems Allow users to interact directly with the computer . Interactive Multi-programming allows a number of users to interact with the computer Scheduling Key to multi-programming Long term Medium term Short term I/O Long Term Scheduling Determines which programs are submitted for processing . controls the degree of .