tailieunhanh - Resources to support the pilot of functional skills Teaching and learning functional English

Writing an extended text at an advanced level involves not just the language system. It poses significant challenges to our cognitive systems for memory and thinking as well. Indeed, writers can put to use virtually everything they have learned and stored away in long-term memory. But they can only do so if their knowledge is accessible, either by rapidly retrieving it from long-term memory or by actively maintaining it in short-term working memory. Thinking is so closely linked to writing, at least in mature adults, that the two are practically twins. Individuals who write well are seen as substantive. | 14-19 education and skills functional skills support programme Teaching and learning functional English Resources to support the pilot of functional skills Teaching and learning functional English 14-19 education and skills functional skills support programme Teaching and learning functional English Crown copyright 2007 Page 2 of 136 14-19 education and skills functional skills support programme Teaching and learning functional English Contents General introduction 5 Teaching and learning functional English Overview 19 1. Introduction 21 What is functional English 21 The functional English vision 21 Teaching functional English 22 How to read the standards 23 Progression through the levels 25 2. Speaking and listening 27 Introduction 28 Starting points 30 Awareness of audience 33 Speaking 37 Discussions 42 Listening 49 Non-verbal communication 53 Presentations 57 3. Reading 65 Introduction 66 Choosing functional reading material 68 Improving reading skills 74 Applying reading skills 83 4. Writing 91 Introduction 92 Audience and purpose 96 Types of document 99 Checking written work 111 Improving writing skills 114 5. References and resources 123 Acronyms 132 Crown copyright 2007 Page 3 of .