tailieunhanh - Lecture Genetics: From genes to genomes - Chapter 12: The Eukaryotic chromosome

Chapter 12 - The Eukaryotic chromosome. This chapter describes the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes and how that structure affects function. The very long, linear DNA molecules are compacted with proteins in the chromosomes to fit into the nucleus. Several structures are essential for duplication, segregation, and stability. | PowerPoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Fourth Edition Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, and Lee M. Silver Prepared by Mary A. Bedell University of Georgia Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display PART IV Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th edition, Chapter 12 The Eukaryotic Chromosome Chromosomal DNA and Proteins Chromosome Structure and Compaction Chromosomal Packaging and Function Replication and Segregation of Chromosomes How Genes Travel on Chromosomes CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER Chromosomal DNA and proteins Chromosomes have a versatile, modular structure for packaging DNA that supports flexibility of form and function Chromatin is the generic term for any complex of DNA and protein found in a nucleus of a cell Chromosomes are the separate pieces of chromatin that behave as a unit during cell division Chromatin is ~ 1/3 DNA, 1/3 histones, 1/3 nonhistone proteins DNA interaction with histones and nonhistone proteins produces sufficient level of compaction to fit into a cell nucleus Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th edition, Chapter 12 Histone proteins Histones – small, positively-charged, and highly conserved Bind to and neutralize negatively charged DNA Make up half of all chromatin protein by weight Five types - H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) make up the nucleosome Posttranslational modifications of histones H3 and H4 Methylation and acetylation of histone tails Affect chromatin structure and gene expression in specific chromosomal regions Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th edition, Chapter 12 Nonhistone proteins Hundreds of other proteins that make up chromatin and are not | PowerPoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Fourth Edition Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, and Lee M. Silver Prepared by Mary A. Bedell University of Georgia Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display PART IV Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th edition, Chapter 12 The Eukaryotic Chromosome Chromosomal DNA and Proteins Chromosome Structure and Compaction Chromosomal Packaging and Function Replication and Segregation of Chromosomes How Genes Travel on Chromosomes CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER Chromosomal DNA and proteins Chromosomes have a versatile, modular structure for packaging DNA that supports flexibility of form and function Chromatin is the generic term for any complex of DNA and protein found in a nucleus of a cell Chromosomes are the separate pieces of chromatin that behave as a .