tailieunhanh - Lecture Principles of biochemistry - Chapter 19 (part 2):

After completing this chapter, students will be able to draw the structure of short DNA and RNA molecules (3 to 4 nucleotides long), structure of each nucleotide must be correctly drawn, as should the phosphodiester linkage between each nucleotide; draw all nucleotides in the anti conformation; know which side is the 5’ end and which side is the 3’end; understand what is base pairing. Know how many H-bonds form between which bases;. | Chapter 19 (part 2) Nucleic Acids DNA 1o Structure - Linear array of nucleotides 2o Structure – double helix 3o Structure - Super-coiling, stem-loop formation 4o Structure – Packaging into chromatin Determination of the DNA 1o Structure (DNA Sequencing) Can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs in any DNA molecule Chain-termination method developed by Sanger Involves in vitro replication of target DNA Technology led to the sequencing of the human genome DNA Replication DNA is a double-helical molecule Each strand of the helix must be copied in complementary fashion by DNA polymerase Each strand is a template for copying DNA polymerase requires template and primer Primer: an oligonucleotide that pairs with the end of the template molecule to form dsDNA DNA polymerases add nucleotides in 5'-3' direction Chain Termination Method Based on DNA polymerase reaction 4 separate rxns Each reaction mixture contains dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP Each reaction also contains a small amount of one . | Chapter 19 (part 2) Nucleic Acids DNA 1o Structure - Linear array of nucleotides 2o Structure – double helix 3o Structure - Super-coiling, stem-loop formation 4o Structure – Packaging into chromatin Determination of the DNA 1o Structure (DNA Sequencing) Can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs in any DNA molecule Chain-termination method developed by Sanger Involves in vitro replication of target DNA Technology led to the sequencing of the human genome DNA Replication DNA is a double-helical molecule Each strand of the helix must be copied in complementary fashion by DNA polymerase Each strand is a template for copying DNA polymerase requires template and primer Primer: an oligonucleotide that pairs with the end of the template molecule to form dsDNA DNA polymerases add nucleotides in 5'-3' direction Chain Termination Method Based on DNA polymerase reaction 4 separate rxns Each reaction mixture contains dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP Each reaction also contains a small amount of one dideoxynucleotide (ddATP, ddGTP, ddCTP and ddTTP). Each of the 4 dideoxynucleotides are labeled with a different fluorescent dye. Dideoxynucleotides missing 3’-OH group. Once incorporated into the DNA chain, chain elongation stops) Chain Termination Method Most of the time, the polymerase uses normal nucleotides and DNA molecules grow normally Occasionally, the polymerase uses a dideoxynucleotide, which adds to the chain and then prevents further growth in that molecule Random insertion of dd-nucleotides leaves (optimally) at least a few chains terminated at every occurrence of a given nucleotide Chain Termination Method Run each reaction mixture on electrophoresis gel Short fragments go to bottom, long fragments on top Read the "sequence" from bottom of gel to top Convert this "sequence" to the complementary sequence Now read from the other end and you have the sequence you wanted - read 5' to 3' DNA Secondary structure DNA is double stranded with antiparallel strands Right hand double

• Sinh học
• Principles of biochemistry
• Lecture Principles of biochemistry
• Nguyên lý hóa sinh
• Biochemical compounds
• Nucleic acids
• DNA Replication
• Ebook Principles of biochemistry
• Principles of biochemistry (4th edition)
• The glyoxylate cycle
• Fatty acid catabolism
• Electron Transfer reactions
• Evolutionary foundations
• Protein interactions modulated
• Nucleic acid structure
• Biological systems
• Biological macromolecules
• Chemical principles
• Properties of water
• Hydrogen bonding
• Amino acids
• Amino acid structure
• Protein purification
• Cell extract
• Protein classification
• Protein 3 Dimensional structure
• Protein folding
• Protein 3 D structure
• 3 D structure
• Oxygen binding curve
• Enzyme kinetics
• Rate constants
• Catalytic Power
• Classes of enzymes
• Inhibitor kinetics
• Enzyme regulation
• Allosteric regulation
• Enzyme action
• Mechanisms of enzyme action
• Ions Cofactors
• Metal ion
• Biotin cofactor
• Conformation of monosaccharides
• Carbohydrate classifications
• Oligo carbohydrate
• Polysaccharides carbohydrate
• Lipid subclasses
• Acyl lipids
• Fluid mosaic model
• membrane transporters
• Metabolism proceed
• Anaeorbic process
• Triose Phosphate Isomerase
• Regulation of glycolysis
• Control points in glycolysis
• Citric acid cycle
• TCA cycle