tailieunhanh - Lecture Molecular biology: Chapter 12 - Robert F. Weaver

Chapter 12 - Transcription activators in eukaryotes. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Categories of activators, structures of the DNA-Binding motifs of activators, independence of the domains of activators, functions of activators, interaction among activators, regulation of transcription factors. | Molecular Biology Fourth Edition Chapter 12 Transcription Activators in Eukaryotes Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Robert F. Weaver Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Categories of Activators Activators can stimulate or inhibit transcription by RNA polymerase II Structure is composed of at least 2 functional domains DNA-binding domain Transcription-activation domain Many also have a dimerization domain 12- DNA-Binding Domains Protein domain is an independently folded region of a protein DNA-binding domains have DNA-binding motif Part of the domain having characteristic shape specialized for specific DNA binding Most DNA-binding motifs fall into 3 classes 12- Zinc-Containing Modules There are at least 3 kinds of zinc-containing modules that act as DNA-binding motifs All use one or more zinc ions to create a shape to fit an a-helix of the motif into the DNA major groove Zinc fingers Zinc modules Modules containing 2 | Molecular Biology Fourth Edition Chapter 12 Transcription Activators in Eukaryotes Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Robert F. Weaver Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Categories of Activators Activators can stimulate or inhibit transcription by RNA polymerase II Structure is composed of at least 2 functional domains DNA-binding domain Transcription-activation domain Many also have a dimerization domain 12- DNA-Binding Domains Protein domain is an independently folded region of a protein DNA-binding domains have DNA-binding motif Part of the domain having characteristic shape specialized for specific DNA binding Most DNA-binding motifs fall into 3 classes 12- Zinc-Containing Modules There are at least 3 kinds of zinc-containing modules that act as DNA-binding motifs All use one or more zinc ions to create a shape to fit an a-helix of the motif into the DNA major groove Zinc fingers Zinc modules Modules containing 2 zinc and 6 cysteines 12- Homeodomains These domains contain about 60 amino acids Resemble the helix-turn-helix proteins in structure and function Found in a variety of activators Originally identified in homeobox proteins regulating fruit fly development 12- bZIP and bHLH Motifs A number of transcription factors have a highly basic DNA-binding motif linked to protein dimerization motifs Leucine zippers Helix-loop-helix Examples include: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein MyoD protein 12- Transcription-Activating Domains Most activators have one of these domains Some have more than one Acidic domains such as yeast GAL4 with 11 acidic amino acids out of 49 amino acids in the domain Glutamine-rich domains include Sp1 having 2 that are 25% glutamine Proline-rich domains such as CTF which has a domain of 84 amino acids, 19 proline 12- Structures of the DNA-Binding Motifs of Activators DNA-binding domains have well-defined structures X-ray crystallographic studies have shown

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