tailieunhanh - Hepatitis B

Document presentation of content: Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis B, pathogenesis and natural history, laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B, long-term monitoring and screening of chronic hepatitis B, treatment for chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccination, automatic searches, guidelines, further reading, and web sites. | World Gastroenterology Organisation Practice Guideline Hepatitis B September 2008 Review team J. Heathcote Chair Canada Z. Abbas Pakistan A. Alberti Italy Y. Benhamou France C. Chen Taiwan A. Elewaut Belgium P. Ferenci Austria C. Hui Hong Kong V. Isakov Russia H. Janssen The Netherlands G. Lau Hong Kong S. Lim Singapore T. Okanoue Japan S. Ono-Nita Brazil T. Piratvisuth Thailand M. Rizzetto Italy I. Sollano Phillippines W. Spearman South Africa C-T. Yeh Taiwan M. Yuen Hong Kong J. Krabshuis France Contents 1 Introduction 2 Epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis B 3 Pathogenesis and natural history 4 Laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B 5 Long-term monitoring and screening of chronic hepatitis B 6 Treatment for chronic hepatitis B 7 Hepatitis B vaccination 8 Automatic searches guidelines further reading and web sites 9 Queries and feedback WGO Practice Guideline Hepatitis B 2 1 Introduction Hepatitis B is a viral disease process caused by the hepatitis B virus HBV . The virus is endemic throughout the world. It is shed in all body fluids by individuals with acute or chronic infection. When transmission occurs vertically from mother to child or horizontally between small children during play the infection nearly always becomes chronic. By contrast when transmission occurs in adolescents adults usually via sexual contact contaminated needles sharps and less often from transfusion of blood products the infection usually resolves unless the individual is immunocompromised . infected with human immunodeficiency virus . Providing education about how to avoid risky behavior can play an important role in prevention. Health-care workers are an at-risk group because of the risk of needlestick injury and they should therefore all be vaccinated before starting employment. Individuals chronically infected with HBV are at increased risk of developing cirrhosis leading to hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma HCC . Although most patients with chronic HBV .

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