tailieunhanh - Japanese Grammar Phần 2

Các bạn đang xem tài liệu Japanese Grammar Phần 2 chuyên về các cấu trúc ngữ phát từ sơ đẳng cho tới nâng cao trong tiếng Nhật. Phần 2 của tài liệu được bắt đầu từ bài 8 mỗi câu trúc đều được trình bày dễ hiểu và có ví dụ củ thể. Hy vọng rằng với phần 2 của cuốn sách khả năng tiếng Nhật của bạn sẽ được nâng cao. | 8. Adjectives WHAT ARE ADJECTIVES English speakers define adjectives as words which modify or describe nouns. The Japanese adjective however does not fit neatly into the definition of the English adjective. Therefore speakers of English must be prepared for new ways of looking at adjectives which in Japanese are quite unlike their English counterparts. What are the major differences To put it simply Japanese adjectives fall into two groups one group has verb-like characteristics and the other group has noun-like characteristics. Both groups may function like English adjectives that is to modify nouns that follow. With this concept in mind Japanese adjectives can be understood easily. One group may be called verbal adjectives the other adjectival nouns. We shall look at each group separately. First the verbal adjectives. VERBAL ADJECTIVES Adjectives in this group in their dictionary form end only in -ai -ii -0 or -ui. Thus they are often referred to as - adjectives. 162 Adjectives 163 Here are some common - adjectives. - Adjectives chiisai small takai expensive yasui inexpensive cheap õkii big oishii delicious ii good nice yasashii easy warui bad atarashii new muzukashii difficult omoshiroi interesting amai sweet suzushii cool wakai young hayai fast early itai painful kuroi black shiroi white Noun Modifiers The - adjective in the forms listed above can modify a noun that follows just as an English adjective does Examples chiisai kuruma small car kuroi kutsu I black shoes omoshiroi hon interesting book ii hito good person Atarashii kuruma o kaimasu. 11 will buy a new car. 1 1 TI new car will buy Oishii kudamono o tabemashita. I We ate some delicious fruit. fruit 164 Parts of Speech Verbal Forms The forms given in are the dictionary form of the verbal adjectives. As verbal forms they have the characteristics of verbs as you will see below. They have stems. To form the stem drop the final - . This is the form used to make all the other forms of