tailieunhanh - PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL PAPER RECYCLING UNITS IN VIETNAM

The Chempolis process is also based on using formic and acetic acid (Rousu & Rousu 2000, Rousu et al. 2003, Anttila et al. 2006) as cooking chemicals to produce pulp, biochemicals and biofuels from non-wood raw materials. Formic acid is the main component in cooking liquor. After cooking, the pulp is washed and pressed in several stages with formic acid. The last washing stage is performed at a high pulp consistency with performic acid. Then, the pulp is bleached with alkaline peroxide. Spent cooking liquor can be evaporated to 90% dry solids and incinerated. The evaporation. | PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL PAPER RECYCLING UNITS IN VIETNAM By Ha Van Nguyen A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto Copyright by Ha Van Nguyen 2005 ii ABSTRACT PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL PAPER RECYCLING UNITS IN VIETNAM Doctor of Philosophy 2005 Ha Van Nguyen Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto Three essays that incorporate social environmental and economic factors into comprehensive production analyses of 63 paper-recycling units from Duong O craft village Bac Ninh province Vietnam are presented in this dissertation. The first essay developed a reduced-form model of the household production function in which social capital is treated as a production factor similar to other conventional factors such as physical capital labor and human capital and household income and expenditure as dependent variables. The results show that social capital has a strong and positive contribution to household income and the positive contribution of social capital on the general households income is greater than that of the paperrecycling households. The results also indicate that trust and reciprocity play the most important roles out of four components of social capital in contributing to household income. The second essay employed a parametric deterministic input distance function in computing the relative shadow prices of social capital with respect to physical capital and labor. The results indicate that social capital have positive effects on technical efficiency of ii iii the paper recycling mills and impacts of one unit of social capital on technical efficiency is much greater than that of one unit of physical capital but less than that of one unit of labor. The results also show that the role of social capital in production process is different for different income groups and trust and number of memberships in associations play a key role in increasing