tailieunhanh - Nanocellulose materials - Preparation, properties, uses

Traditionally non-wood pulps were produced by alkaline processes. Alkaline processes such as soda (Mohta et al. 1998, Tutus & Eroglu 2003, Feng & Alen 2001, Finell & Nilsson 2004, Okayama & Li 1996) and the NACO process (Recchia et al. 1996, Fiala & Nardi 1985, Paul 2001) have been used to produce non-wood pulp in mills. The main problem with alkaline processes for non- wood fibres is that silicates of non-wood plants dissolve during cooking into the cooking liquor. The presence of silicate ions causes serious problems in recovery such as scaling on the heat transfer surfaces in the evaporator, high. | Nanocellulose materials - Preparation properties uses The Finnish Centre of Nanocellulosic Technologies Timo M. Koskinen UPM-Kymmene Ltd Pia Qvintus Anne- Christine Ritschkoff Tekla Tammelin Jaakko Pere VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT Aalto University School of Science and Technology UPM u the FIN S Pulp paper industry after year 2000 Paper production Energy costs increase Shortage of wood and all fibre Economy of scale in paper products does not work any more especially in Europe Capital intensive industry - difficult to be flexible Sensitive to economical fluctuation Business environment Shift to more added value paper products is no more competitive approach in Europe and in North America Overcapacity and low prices in Europe Increase in demand and increase in production outside Central Europe low prices and less export from Europe Conclusion Completely new initiatives are needed A Present Research on micro nano fibrillated cellulose MFC NFC and cellulose nano crystals CNC has gradually increased since year 2000. Today there is on-going all over the world a substantial amount of research on nano cellulose. VTT A Aalto University School of Science and Technology .