tailieunhanh - Use of Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacture: Analysis of Fuel Characteristics and Feasibility for Use in the Chinese Cement Sector

The following sections provide an overview of the technical and qualitative characteristics of a wide range of alternative fuels that can replace coal in cement kilns. These fuels include agricultural and non-agricultural biomass, chemical and hazardous wastes, petroleum-based wastes, and miscellaneous waste fuels. Each of these alternatives are described in detail, including a discussion of average substitution rates, energy and water content of the fuels, carbon dioxide emissions factors, and change in carbon emissions per ton1 of coal replacement. (A combined table which also provides additional information – ash content, carbon content, and associated emissions –. | LBNL-525E Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Use of Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacture Analysis of Fuel Characteristics and Feasibility for Use in the Chinese Cement Sector Ashley Murray Energy and Resources Group UC Berkeley Lynn Price Environmental Energy Technologies Division June 2008 This work was supported by the . Environmental Protection Agency Office of Technology Cooperation and Assistance through the . Department of Energy under the Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof nor The Regents of the University of California nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or service by its trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. Use of Alternative 1. 2. Energy and Emissions 3. Agricultural 4. Non-Agricultural 5. Chemical and Hazardous 6. Petroleum-Based 7. Miscellaneous Fuels. 28 III. China Alternative Fuel Availability and Feasibility of Co-Processing in Cement Kilns. .33 1. Introduction. 33 2. Agricultural Biomass . 33 3. .