tailieunhanh - End-of-Pipe or Cleaner Production? An Empirical Comparison of Environmental Innovation Decisions Across OECD Countries

The presence of TNCs in the Brazilian pulp and paper sector has not been significant from a historical perspective. The FDI in this sector represented just of the FDI accumulated in Brazil in 2000. But since 2000 the sector has been receiving increasing influx of FDI. On average foreign investment in the sector increased from US$ millions per year between 1996-1999 to US$ millions per year between 2000-2004. This recent trend of the FDI into the Brazilian pulp and paper sector is probably connected to the general international trend for substituting long for short-fiber pulp that. | Discussion Paper No. 04-82 End-of-Pipe or Cleaner Production An Empirical Comparison of Environmental Innovation Decisions Across OECD Countries Manuel Frondel Jens Horbach and Klaus Rennings ZEW Zentrum fur Europăische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper No. 04-82 End-of-Pipe or Cleaner Production An Empirical Comparison of Environmental Innovation Decisions Across OECD Countries Manuel Frondel Jens Horbach and Klaus Rennings Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server ftp pub zew-docs dp Die Discussion Papers dienen einer moglichst schnellen Verbreitung von neueren Forschungsarbeiten des ZEW. Die Beitrage liegen in alleiniger Verantwortung der Autoren und stellen nicht notwendigerweise die Meinung des ZEW dar. Discussion Papers are intended to make results of ZEW research promptly available to other economists in order to encourage discussion and suggestions for revisions. The authors are solely responsible for the contents which do not necessarily represent the opinion of the ZEW. Non-technical Summary Typically we distinguish between two different types of environmental innovations that mitigate the environmental burden of production cleaner production and end-of-pipe technologies. Cleaner production reduces resource use and or pollution at the source by using cleaner products and production methods whereas end-of-pipe technologies curb pollution emissions by implementing add-on measures. Thus cleaner products and production technologies are frequently seen as being superior to end-of-pipe technologies for both environmental and economic reasons. The establishment of cleaner production technologies however is often hampered by barriers such as additional co-ordination input and a lack of organizational support within firms. In addition to substantial investment costs in new technologies additional obstacles arise due to the nature of the environmental problem and the type of .