tailieunhanh - Benchmarking Biomass Gasification Technologies for Fuels, Chemicals and Hydrogen Production

Maize has been cultivated in Ghana for several hundred years. After being introduced in the late 16th century, it soon established itself as an important food crop in the southern part of the country. Very early on, maize also attracted the attention of commercial farmers, although it never achieved the economic importance of traditional plantation crops, such as oil palm and cocoa. Over time, the eroding profitability of many plantation crops (attributable mainly to increasing disease problems in cocoa, deforestation and natural resource degradation, and falling world commodity prices) served to strengthen interest in commercial food crops, including maize. Today, maize is Ghana’s most important cereal crop. It is grown by the vast. | Benchmarking Biomass Gasification Technologies for Fuels Chemicals and Hydrogen Production Prepared for . Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory Prepared by Jared P. Ciferno John J. Marano June 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their appreciation to all individuals who contributed to the successful completion of this project and the preparation of this report. This includes Dr. Phillip Goldberg of the . DOE Dr. Howard McIlvried of SAIC and Ms. Pamela Spath of NREL who provided data used in the analysis and peer review. Financial support for this project was cost shared between the Gasification Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory and the Biomass Power Program within the DOE s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared by E2S at the request of the . DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory NETL . Any conclusions comments or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not represent any official position held by NETL DOE or the . Government. Information contained here has been based on the best data available to the authors at the time of the report s preparation. In many cases it was necessary to interpolate extrapolate estimate and use sound engineering judgement to fill-in gaps in these data. Therefore all results presented here should be interpreted in the context of the inherent uncertainty represented in their calculation. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of a previous study conducted at the National Energy Technology Laboratory NETL computer models were developed of the BCL Battelle Columbus Laboratory biomass gasifier. It became apparent during this analysis that the BCL gasifier may not be the best match of biomass gasification technology to downstream conversion technology for either liquid fuels chemicals or hydrogen production. The BCL gasifier has only been demonstrated at relatively low operating temperatures and .

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