tailieunhanh - Report on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling Bureau of International Recycling (BIR)

The Ghana Grains Development Project (GGDP) was launched in 1979 with funding from the Government of Ghana and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The purpose of the project was to develop and diffuse improved technology for maize and grain legumes (initially only cowpea, but in later phases also soybean and groundnut). The Crops Research Institute (CRI) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) served as the project’s primary executing bodies, while three other organizations provided ancillary support. The Grains and Legumes Development Board (GLDB) and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) assumed major responsibility for technology transfer activities, and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) supported technology development efforts for. | Report on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling Bureau of International Recycling BIR o BIR Report on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling Prepared by Professor Sue Grimes Professor John Donaldson Dr Gabriel Cebrian Gomez Centre for Sustainable Production Resource Efficiency CSPRE Imperial College London Commissioned by the Bureau of International Recycling Under the project leadership of Roger Brewster Metal Interests Ltd. October 2008 Table of Contents Foreword 2 Preface 3 Executive Summary 4 Understanding the Brief 5 Methodology 6 Primary and Secondary Metal Production 7 Primary and Secondary Aluminium Production 7 Primary Production 7 Secondary Production 7 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Aluminium 8 Summary 10 Primary and Secondary Copper Production 11 Primary Production 11 Secondary Production 11 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Copper 12 Summary 13 Primary and Secondary Ferrous Production 14 Primary Production 14 Secondary Production 15 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Steel Production 15 Summary 17 Primary and Secondary Lead Production 18 Primary Production 18 Secondary Production 18 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Lead 18 Summary 20 Primary and Secondary Nickel Production 21 Primary Production 21 Secondary Production 21 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Nickel 22 Summary 23 Primary and Secondary Tin Production 24 Primary Production 24 Secondary Production 24 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Tin 24 Summary 25 Primary and Secondary Zinc Production 26 Primary Production 26 Secondary Production 26 Energy Requirement and Carbon Footprint Data for Zinc 27 Summary 29 Primary and Secondary Paper Production 30 Primary and Secondary Production of Paper 30 Primary Production 30 Secondary Production 31 Energy Requirements and Carbon Footprint Data for Paper Production 31 Summary 34 Sensitivity Analyses 35 Variation in Secondary Energy Requirement Compared with Primary

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