tailieunhanh - SuStainable Production of Second-Generation biofuelS

Unlike in dry milling, where the entire mash is fermented, in wet milling only the starch is fermented. The starch is then cooked, or liquefied, and an enzyme added to hydrolyze, or segment, the long starch chains. In dry milling, the mash, which still contains all the feed coproducts, is cooked and an enzyme added. In both systems a second enzyme is added to turn the starch into a simple sugar, glucose, in a process called saccharification. Saccharification in a wet mill may take up to 48 hours, though it usually requires less time, depending on the amount of enzyme used. In modern dry mills, saccharification has been. | International Energy Agency SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS Potential and perspectives in major economies and developing countries INFORMATION PAPER Anselm Eisentraut INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency IEA an autonomous agency was established in November 1974. Its mandate is two-fold to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply and to advise member countries on sound energy policy. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28 advanced economies each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency aims to Secure member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy in particular through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context - particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries industry international organisations and other stakeholders. IEA member countries Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy International Energy Agency OECD IEA 2010 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online