tailieunhanh - India’s Pulp and Paper Industry: Productivity and Energy Efficiency

In 1993, USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) published Emerging Technologies in Ethanol Production, a report on the then-current state of ethanol production technology and efficiency (Hohmann and Rendleman). The report included a summary of production costs (table 1) and predictions of “near-term” and “long-term” technological advances that many believed would bring down ethanol costs. The numbers were based on the costs of wet milling, which was then by far the greatest source of output. (Milling types are explained in the next section.) The estimate included a capital cost component, which distin- guished this estimate from others done at the time. Other estimates ranged from $ to $ per gallon | LBNL-41843 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory India s Pulp and Paper Industry Productivity and Energy Efficiency Katja Schumacher and Jayant Sathaye Environmental Energy Technologies Division July 1999 This work was supported by the Environmental Science Division Office of Biological and Environmental Research OBER Office of Energy Research . Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof nor The Regents of the University of California nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or service by its trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. LBNL-41843 India s Pulp and Paper Industry Productivity and Energy Efficiency Katja Schumacher and Jayant Sathaye Energy Analysis Program Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 _ _____ -______ ___ ________ _ _ _________ Fax 510 486-6996 Email KBSchumacher@ July .

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