tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Lexical Choice Criteria in Language Generation"

In natural language generation (NLG), a semantic representation of some k i n d - possibly enriched with pragmatic attributes - - is successively transformed into one or more linguistic utterances. No matter what particular architecture is chosen to organize this process, one of the crucial decisions to be made is lexicalization: selecting words that adequately express the content that is to be communicated and, if represented, the intentions and attitudes of the speaker. | Lexical Choice Criteria in Language Generation Manfred stede Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada mstede@ 1 Introduction In natural language generation NLG a semantic representation of some kind possibly enriched with pragmatic attributes is successively transformed into one or more linguistic utterances. No matter what particular architecture is chosen to organize this process one of the crucial decisions to be made is lexicalization selecting words that adequately express the content that is to be communicated and if represented the intentions and attitudes of the speaker. Nirenburg and Nirenburg 1988 give this example to illustrate the lexical choice problem If we want to express the meaning a person whose sex is male and whose age is between 13 and 15 years then candidate realizations include boy kid teenager youth child young man schoolboy adolescent man. The criteria influencing such choices remain largely in the dark however. As it happens the problem of lexical choice has not been a particularly popular one in NLG. For instance Marcus 1987 complained that most generators don t really choose words at all McDonald 1991 amongst others lamented that lexical choice has attracted only very little attention in the research community. Implemented generators tend to provide a one-to-one mapping from semantic units to lexical items and their producers occasionally acknowledge this as a shortcoming . Novak 1991 p. 666J thereby the task of lexical choice becomes a nonissue. For many applications this is indeed a feasible scheme because the sub-language under consideration can be sufficiently restricted such that a direct mapping from content to words does not present a drawback the generator is implicitly tailored towards the type of situation or register in which it operates. But in general with an eye on more expressive and versatile generators this state of affairs calls for improvement. Why is lexical choice .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• Lexical Choice Criteria
• Language Generation
• Manfred Stede
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln