tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "NATURAL AND SIMULATED POINTING"

Referent identification in human conversation is performed both by describing the objects in question and by pointing at them. Up till now, only the linguistic component could be simulated in dialog systems. But recently, technical innovations have made it possible to 'point' at the objects on a display as well. The paper has two intentions. First, it investigates natural pointing in more detail and offers some possibilities to classify the great variety of pointing actions. Then, it tries to clarify the extent to which pointing by technical means (especially mouse-clicks) can be regarded as a simulation of natural pointing. | NATURAL AND SIMULATED POINTING Dagmar Schmauks Sonderforschungsbereich 314 FB - Informatik Universitat des Saarlandes D-6600 Saarbriicken 11 WEST GERMANY CSnet schmauks Abstract Referent identification in human conversation is performed both by describing the objects in question and by pointing at them. Up till now only the linguistic component could be simulated in dialog systems. But recently technical innovations have made it possible to point at the objects on a display as well. The paper has two intendons. First it investigates natural pointing in more detail and offers some possibilities to classify the great variety of pointing actions. Then it tries to clarify the extent to which pointing by technical means especially mouse-clicks can be regarded as a simulation of natural pointing or as a functional equivalent. Furthermore some steps towards even more accurate simulation are briefly mentioned. 1. Introduction Terminological remarks The term deixis denotes those referential devices whose interpretation requires a consideration of the situation of utterance. Local deixis means the specification of directions places and objects relative to the speaker s actual orientation. The closely related topics anaphora and text-deixis are not treated in this paper. One component of deictic actions are linguistic expressions mainly demonstrative pronouns this that and adverbs here there the other being ex-tralinguistic means especially pointing gestures. In this paper the latter are represented by the sign . Natural pointing denotes pointing actions occurring during interhuman dialog. This includes the use of easily available aids like pencils or pointers. Simulated pointing means the use of technical pointing devices during man-computer dialog. Following the terminology of Clark Schreuder and Buttrick 1983 the object pointed at is called the demonstratum and the descriptive part of the accompanying noun phrase if there is one is called

• Báo cáo khoa học
• NATURAL AND SIMULATED POINTING
• Dagmar Schmauks
• Long Papers
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln