tailieunhanh - Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries

Agriculture and forestry are poised on the brink of a quantum leap forward through the further application of exciting new tools such as genomics and transgenic plants. In the near future, it will be possible to produce a higher quantity of improved quality crops than even imagined just a few years ago.  In addition to feed and food, it will be possible to provide raw materials for industrial uses. For example, cotton fibers, wood ligno-celluloses, corn  carbohydrates, soybean oils, and other plant constituents will be altered via designed changes in metabolic pathways. Moreover, with the insertion of  specific enzyme-coding genes, it will be possible to. | Northeastern Regional AQUACULTURE A W V z Center Aquaculture White Paper No. 2 NRAC Publication No. 03-002 Land-Based Aquaculture Production Systems Engineering and Technology Opportunities and Needs September 2003 Land-Based Aquaculture Production Systems Engineering and Technology Opportunities and Needs Andrew M. Lazur Josh Goldman Kenneth J. Semmens and Michael B. Timmons INTRODUCTION The farm gate value of the aquaculture industry in the United States was 978 million dollars according to the 1998 USDA Census of Aquaculture. Of that total the Northeast region accounted for 13 or 127 393 000 generated from a total of 436 farms of which 275 utilize freshwater and 160 using saltwater including 145 which lease natural waters. Cultured products from the NE region are diverse ranging from a variety of food fish and shellfish species ornamental fish and plants sport or game fish frogs restoration plant species algae and marine plants for food Table 1. Table 1. Aquaculture species and sales in the Northeast region. Species Number of Farms Value dollars Salmon 16 64 729 000 Mollusks clams and oysters 150 26 758 000 Trout 132 8 760 000 Hybrid Striped Bass 27 7 276 000 Other frogs algae and sea vegetables 20 5 590 000 Aquatic Plants ornamental and restoration 10 5 500 000 Ornamental Fish 34 5 130 000 Tilapia 30 4 150 000 Crustaceans crawfish shrimp and others 22 2 361 000 Sport and Game Fish 37 550 000 Baitfish 62 500 000 Catfish 24 250 000 TOTAL 436 127 393 000 In addition to the variety of culture species in the Northeast region there is a similar diversity of production technology utilized. The most commonly used culture system is ponds which is also the predominant technology used in the US. This may seem surprising given the cooler climate in the NE and therefore shorter growing season but ponds and their culture NRAC White Paper No. 2 Land-Based Aquaculture Production Systems Page 2 of 17 pages management practices were the earliest technology to be developed and .