tailieunhanh - What a Waste: Solid Waste Management in Asia

The feedback from oil prices to economic activity is captured by a reduced-form production function that allows us to separately specify shocks to the output gap (transitory shocks to output), shocks to potential output (permanent shocks to the level of output), and shocks to potential output growth (permanent shocks to the growth rate of output). The richness of this specification helps us to model the complicated interactions of oil price movements and GDP, where both trend and gap decline if oil prices increase. However, there is not enough variation in the historical data to provide well-determined estimates of these separate effects based on a single observed variable | What a Waste Solid Waste Management in Asia May 1999 Urban Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Region Copyright 1999 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street . Washington . 20433 . All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 1999 Urban and Local Government Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author s and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries colors denominations and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Request for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Urban Development Division at the address in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and when reproduction is for noncommercial purposes without asking a fee. WHAT A WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ASIA Table of Contents Recommendations and 1. 2. Waste Waste Generation Waste .