tailieunhanh - Washington State Pulp and Paper Mill Boilers: Current and Potential Renewable Energy Production

Earlier, Lau and Yotopolous (1971) estimated an equation for the profit function in differences in economic efficiency between large and small farms in India and found that small farms attained a higher level of economic efficiency. Sahidu (1974) adopted the Lau–Yotopolous model to sample of Indian wheat farms and came out with a contrary conclusion – that large and small farms exhibited equal economic efficiency in both the technical and price senses. In Pakistan, Khan and Maki (1979) also adopted the Lau– Yotopoulos model to determine the effects of farm size on economic efficiency in two locations, Punjab and Sind. They found that large farms are more. | DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY State of Washington Washington State Pulp and Paper Mill Boilers Current and Potential Renewable Energy Production Final Report September 2009 Richard Gustafson1 and Natalia Raffaeli University of Washington School of Forest Resources Department of Ecology Publication No. 09-07-048 1 Inquiries should be addressed to Richard Gustafson. Email pulp@ 1 Page This report is available on the Department of Ecology home page on the World Wide Web at http biblio For a printed copy of this report contact Department of Ecology Address . Box 47600 Olympia Wa 98504-7600 E-mail mdav461@ Phone 360 407-6129 Refer to Publication Number 09-07-048 Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the Department of Ecology. The Department of Ecology is an equal-opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race creed color disability age religion national origin sex marital status disabled veteran s status Vietnam-era veteran s status or sexual orientation. If you have special accommodation needs or require this document in alternative format please contact Kathy Vermillion at 360 407-6916 or call 711 or 877-833-6341 TYY . 2 Page Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank several individuals for their help in this study. We thank all the engineers in the mills who took the time to complete the survey. Dave Krawchuk of Harris Group was invaluable in helping us design the survey providing data on modern boilers and in providing cost data for the economic analysis. Llewellyn Mathews Kathryn VanNatta and company representatives of the Northwest Pulp and Paper Association helped get the project funded and encouraged mills to participate in the survey. All their efforts are appreciated. This work was made possible by funding provided by and under the mandate of the Washington State Legislature through the Washington

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