tailieunhanh - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 2008

The latest downswing in ME was induced by the bursting of the real estate bubble in the US and the subsequent global crisis in the financial markets. External drivers, such as oil price shocks, have often triggered slumps in ME. The major difference to past slumps lies in the fact that the risks have not yet faded out and global disequilibria are sustainable, creating a slightly gloomy outlook on the industry, which will be further discussed in Chapter 1. The long-term outlook for ME in the EU-27 is closely related to regional trends, above all to the degree. | MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS David Roylance 2008 2 Contents 1 Uniaxial Mechanical Response 5 Tensile Strength and Tensile Stress. 5 Stiffness in Tension - Young s Modulus. 8 The Poisson Effect. 12 Shearing Stresses and Strains. 13 Stress-Strain Curves. 16 Problems . 23 2 Thermodynamics of Mechanical Response 25 Enthalpic Response. 25 Entropic Response. 32 Viscoelasticity. 37 Problems . 41 3 Composites 43 Materials . 43 Stiffness. 44 Strength. 47 Problems . 48 4 General Concepts of Stress and Strain 51 Kinematics the Strain-Displacement Relations. 51 Equilibrium the Stress Relations. 55 Transformation of Stresses and Strains. 59 Constitutive Relations. 71 Problems . 78 5 Yield and Plastic Flow 79 Multiaxial Stress States. 80 Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure. 84 Effect of Rate and Temperature. 86 Continuum Plasticity. 88 The Dislocation Basis of Yield and Creep. 89 Kinetics of Creep in Crystalline Problems .102