tailieunhanh - MORE FORAGE, MORE MILK

In the fully watered camel thyroid activity is higher in summer than in winter, but activity is reduced in camels deprived of water. The decline in activity is important because the generation of metabolic heat is reduced and respiratory water losses are also reduced. Chronic exposure to heat results in depressed thyroid activity as well as reduced plasma, cortisol and growth hormone concentrations and turnover rates. All three sources normally create heat and act in cooperation, so the net result of habituation to heat is some reduction in metabolic rate (Wilson, 1998). . | TECHNICAL HANDBOOK No. 33 Aichi Kitalyi David M. Miano Sandra Mwebaze Charles Wambugu World Agroforestry Centre RELMA TRANSFORMING Lives AND LANDSCAPES More forage more milk Forage production for small-scale zero grazing systems Although many small-scale farmers in eastern Africa have dairy cows of exotic breeds or crosses they do not feed them in a way that will achieve high milk yields. This practical handbook contains information on nutritional needs at various stages of the cow s life and suitable feeding strategies. It explains how to use local forages rather than expensive commercial concentrates. It tells how to manage grasses legumes trees shrubs and crop residues to get high-quality forage. It describes some of the common species in detail. The focus is on dairy cows but the book is also relevant for those keeping dairy goats and other milk-producing animals. Intended principally for extension workers and development agents the book will also be of value for teachers students NGO staff and others promoting improved zerograzing systems for smallholders in eastern Africa. ISBN 9966-896-74-0 World Agroforestry Centre TRANSFORMING lives ANO LANDSCAPES RELMA World Agroforestry Centre Eastern and Central Africa s Regional Land Management Unit RELMA in ICRAF ICRAF Building Gigiri p. 0. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi Kenya Tel 254 20 722 4000 Fax 254 20 722 4001 E-mail relma@ Technical handbook TH series Water from ponds pans and dams a manual on planning design construction and maintenance 2005. TH No. 32. ISBN 9966-896-67-8 Agroforestry handbook for the montane zone of Uganda Alex Lwakuba Alice A. Kaudia and John Okorio. 2003. TH No. 31. ISBN 9966-896-55-4 Soil fertility and land productivity Charles . Gachene and Gathiru Kimaru. 2003. TH No. 30. ISBN 9966-896-66-X Soil and water conservation manual for Eritrea Amanuel Negassi Estifanos Bein Kifle Ghebru and Bo Tengnăs. 2002. TH No. 29. ISBN 9966-896-65-1 Management .