tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Keeping the initiative: an empirically-motivated approach to predicting user-initiated dialogue contributions in HCI"

In this paper, we address the problem of reducing the unpredictability of userinitiated dialogue contributions in humancomputer interaction without explicitly restricting the user’s interactive possibilities. We demonstrate that it is possible to identify conditions under which particular classes of user-initiated contributions will occur and discuss consequences for dialogue system design. | Keeping the initiative an empirically-motivated approach to predicting user-initiated dialogue contributions in HCI Kerstin Fischer and John A. Bateman Faculty of Linguistics and Literary Sciences and SFB TR8 University of Bremen Bremen Germany kerstinf bateman @ Abstract In this paper we address the problem of reducing the unpredictability of user-initiated dialogue contributions in humancomputer interaction without explicitly restricting the user s interactive possibilities. We demonstrate that it is possible to identify conditions under which particular classes of user-initiated contributions will occur and discuss consequences for dialogue system design. 1 Introduction It is increasingly recognised that human-computer dialogue situations can benefit considerably from mixed-initiative interaction Allen 1999 . Interaction where there is or appears to be little restriction on just when and how the user may make a dialogue contribution increases the perceived naturalness of an interaction itself a valuable goal and also opens up the application of human-computer interaction HCI to tasks where both system and user are contributing more equally to the task being addressed. Problematic with the acceptance of mixed-initiative dialogue however is the radically increased interpretation load placed on the dialogue system. This flexibility impacts negatively on performance at all levels of system design from speech recognition to intention interpretation. In particular clarification questions initiated by the user are difficult to process because they may appear off-topic and can occur at any point. But preventing users from posing such questions leads to stilted interaction and a reduced sense of control over how things are proceeding. In this paper we pursue a partial solution to the problem of user-initiated contributions that takes its lead from detailed empirical studies of how such situations are handled in human-human interaction. Most proposed .