tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "A machine-learning approach to the identification of WH gaps"

In this paper, we pursue a multimodular, statistical approach to WH dependencies, using a feedforward network as our modeling tool. The empirical basis of this model and the availability of performance measures for our system address deficiencies in earlier computational work on WH gaps, which require richer sources of semantic and lexical information in order to run. The statistical nature of our models allows them to be simply combined with other modules of grammar, such as a syntactic parser. . | A machine-learning approach to the identification of WH gaps Derrick Higgins Educational Testing Service dchiggin@ Abstract In this paper we pursue a multi-modular statistical approach to WH dependencies using a feedforward network as our modeling tool. The empirical basis of this model and the availability of performance measures for our system address deficiencies in earlier computational work on WH gaps which require richer sources of semantic and lexical information in order to run. The statistical nature of our models allows them to be simply combined with other modules of grammar such as a syntactic parser. 1 Overview This paper concerns the phenomenon of WH dependencies a subclass of unbounded dependencies also known as Ă dependencies or filler-gap structures . WH dependencies are structures in which a constituent headed by a WH word such as who or where is found somewhere other than where it belongs for semantic interpretation and subcategorization. Ã dependencies have played an important role in syntactic theory but discovering the location of a gap corresponding to a WH phrase found in the syntactic representation of a sentence is also of interest for computational applications. Identification of the syntactic gap may be necessary for interpretation of the sentence and could contribute to a natural language understanding or machine translation application. Since WH dependencies also tend to distort the surface subcategorization properties of verbs identifying gaps could also aid in automatic lexical acquisition techniques. Many other applications are imaginable as well using the gap location to inform intonation semantics collocation frequency etc. The contribution of this paper consists in the development of a machine-learning approach to the identification of WH gaps. This approach reduces the lexical prerequisites for this task while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. In addition the modular treatment of WH dependencies allows .

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