tailieunhanh - Báo cáo Y học: Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants

The citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central element of higher-plant carbon metabolism which provides, among other things, electrons for oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, intermediates for aminoacid biosynthesis, and oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis from succinate derived from fatty acids via the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a typical mitochondrial pathway and is widespread among a-proteobacteria, the group of eubacteria as de®ned under rRNA systematics from which mitochondria arose. . | Eur. J. Biochem. 269 868-883 2002 FEBS 2002 Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants A case study of endosymbiotic gene transfer Claus Schnarrenberger1 and William Martin2 1Institut fur Biologie Freie Universitat Berlin Germany 2Institut fur Botanik III Universitat Dusseldorf Germany The citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central element of higher-plant carbon metabolism which provides among other things electrons for oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane intermediates for aminoacid biosynthesis and oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis from succinate derived from fatty acids via the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a typical mitochondrial pathway and is widespread among a-pro-teobacteria the group of eubacteria as defined under rRNA systematics from which mitochondria arose. Most of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are encoded in the nucleus in higher eukaryotes and several have been previously shown to branch with their homologues from a-pro-teobacteria indicating that the eukaryotic nuclear genes were acquired from the mitochondrial genome during the course of evolution. Here we investigate the individual evolutionary histories of all of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle using protein maximum likelihood phylogenies focusing on the evolutionary origin of the nuclear-encoded proteins in higher plants. The results indicate that about half of the proteins involved in this eukaryotic pathway are most similar to their a-proteobacterial homologues whereas the remainder are most similar to eubacterial but not specifically a-proteo-bacterial homologues. A consideration of a the process of lateral gene transfer among free-living prokaryotes and b the mechanistics of endosymbiotic symbiont-to-host gene transfer reveals that it is unrealistic to expect all nuclear genes that were acquired from the a-proteobacterial .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• Traditional medicine
• Report medicine
• scientific reports
• Structural biochemistry
• bacteria
• chemical reaction
• Commercial use
• Tadehagi triquetrum (L ) H Ohashi
• Indigenous medicine in Myanmar
• Medicinal plants
• Calotropis gigantea R
• Br
• Traditional medicinal plants
• Local development in Myanmar
• Important role in health care system
• BMC Chemistry
• Trace analysis
• Dispersive solvent
• Traditional Chinese medicine
• Chinese medicine oral liquid
• Veterinary Medicine
• Herbal Medicine
• Varughese George
• Andrographis paniculata
• Chemical Constituents
• alternative medicine
• diagnostic techniques
• Diagnostic therapies
• Chinese medicine
• Medical herbalism
• Massage therapy review
• Lecture Massage therapy review
• Bodywork assessment
• Massage therapy
• Traditional chinese medicine modality
• Acanthospermum hispidum
• Burkina faso
• Pharmacognosic characterization
• Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae)
• Medicinal plant widely
• Active components
• Plasma protein binding
• Research methods
• Doctoral thesis abstract
• Improving accounting work organization
• Accounting work organization
• Traditional medicine hospitals
• Hanoi city
• Vietnamese traditional medicine
• Medicinal herbs
• Ethnic groups
• Community healthcare
• Mountainous area
• Cultural Perspective
• Modern Medicine
• Funding Perspective
• Traditional Oriental
• medicine
• cell proliferation
• oxidation
• breast cancer
• gastric cancer
• hormone medicine
• tumor cells
• biochemical studies
• environmental medicine
• Crystal structure