tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Annotation for All Semantic Layers in FrameNet"

We describe a system for automatic annotation of English text in the FrameNet standard. In addition to the conventional annotation of frame elements and their semantic roles, we annotate additional semantic information such as support verbs and prepositions, aspectual markers, copular verbs, null arguments, and slot fillers. As far as we are aware, this is the first system that finds this information automatically. | Automatic Annotation for All Semantic Layers in FrameNet Richard Johansson and Pierre Nugues Department of Computer Science Lund University Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden richard pierre @ Abstract We describe a system for automatic annotation of English text in the FrameNet standard. In addition to the conventional annotation of frame elements and their semantic roles we annotate additional semantic information such as support verbs and prepositions aspectual markers cop-ular verbs null arguments and slot fillers. As far as we are aware this is the first system that finds this information automatically. 1 Introduction Shallow semantic parsing has been an active area of research during the last few years. Semantic parsers which are typically based on the FrameNet Baker et al. 1998 or PropBank formalisms have proven useful in a number of NLP projects such as information extraction and question answering. The main reason for their popularity is that they can produce a flat layer of semantic structure with a fair degree of robustness. Building English semantic parsers for the FrameNet standard has been studied widely Gildea and Jurafsky 2002 Litkowski 2004 . These systems typically address the task of identifying and classifying Frame Elements FEs that is semantic arguments of predicates for a given target word predicate . Although the FE layer is arguably the most central the FrameNet annotation standard defines a number of additional semantic layers which contain information about support expressions verbs and prepositions copulas null arguments slotfillers and aspectual particles. This information can for example be used in a semantic parser to refine the meaning of a predicate to link predicates in a sentence together or possibly to improve detection and classification of FEs. The task of automatic reconstruction of the additional semantic layers has not been addressed by any previous system. In this work we describe a system that automatically identifies .