tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives for Natural Language Question Answering"

We discuss the techniques we have developed and implemented for the cross-categorial treatment of comparatives in TELl, a natural language questionanswering system that's transportable among both application domains and types of backend retrieval systems. For purposes of illustration, we shall consider the example sentences "List the cars at least 20 inches more than twice as long as the Century is wide" and "Have any US companies made at least 3 more large cars than Buick?" Issues to be considered include comparative inflections, left recursion and other forms of nesting, extraposition of comparative complements, ellipsis, the wh element "how', and. | A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives for Natural Language Question Answering Bruce w. Ballard AT T Bell Laboratories 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill . 07974 Abstract We discuss the techniques we have developed and implemented for the cross-categorial treatment of comparatives in TELI a natural language questionanswering system that s transportable among both application domains and types of backend retrieval systems. For purposes of illustration we shall consider the example sentences List the cars at least 20 inches more than twice as long as the Century is wide and Have any US companies made at least 3 more large cars than Buick Issues to be considered include comparative inflections left recursion and other forms of nesting extraposition of comparative complements ellipsis the wh element how and the translation of normalized parse frees into logical form. 1. Introduction We shall describe a general treatment of comparatives that has been implemented in the context of TELI a question-answering system which is transportable among both domains of discourse and different types of backend retrieval Comparatives are important because of the dramatic increase in expressive power they allow they are interesting at least because of the variety of issues from morphology on up one must deal with in order to provide for them. 1. The examples in this paper illustrate TELI as a front-end to the Kandor knowledge representation system Patel-Schneider 1984 we will give examples in terms of a knowledge base of information about 1987 cars. TELI has produced queries for at least four different backend systems and has been adapted for over a dozen domains of data. Goals In seeking to provide TELI with general capabilities for comparatives our primary goals have been to formulate cross-categorial techniques that treat the comparativizations of different syntactic elements . adjectives quantifiers and measure nouns with the same mechanisms to allow .

• A General Computational Treatment of Comparatives
• Natural Language Question Answering
• Bruce W
• Ballard
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln