tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "THE EFFECTS OF INTERACTION ON SPOKEN DISCOURSE"

Near-term spoken language systems will likely be limited in their interactive capabilities. To design them, we shall need to model how the presence or absence of speaker interaction influences spoken discourse patterns in different types of tasks. In this research, a comprehensive examination is provided of the discourse structure and performance efficiency of both interactive and noninteractive spontaneous speech in a seriated assembly task. More specifically, telephone dialogues and audiotape monologues are compared, which represent opposites in terms of the opportunity for confirmation feedback and clarification subdialognes. . | THE EFFECTS OF INTERACTION ON SPOKEN DISCOURSE Sharon L. Oviatt Philip R. Cohen Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park California 94025-3493 ABSTRACT Near-term spoken language systems will likely be limited in their interactive capabilities. To design them we shall need to model how the presence or absence of speaker interaction influences spoken discourse patterns in different types of tasks. In this research a comprehensive examination is provided of the discourse structure and performance efficiency of both interactive and noninteractive spontaneous speech in a seriated assembly task. More specifically telephone dialogues and audiotape monologues are compared which represent opposites in terms of the opportunity for confirmation feedback and clarification subdialogues. Keyboard communication patterns upon which most natural language heuristics and algorithms have been based also are contrasted with patterns observed in the two speech modalities. Finally implications are discussed for the design of near-term limitedinteraction spoken language systems. INTRODUCTION Many basic issues need to be addresssed before technology will be able to leverage successfully from the natural advantages of speech. First spoken interfaces will need to be structured to reflect the realities of speech instead of text. Historically language norms have been based on written modalities even though spoken and written communication differ in major ways Chafe 1982 Chapanis Parrish Ochsman Weeks 1977 . Furthermore it has become clear that the algorithms and heuristics needed to design spoken language systems will be different from those required for keyboard systems Cohen 1984 Kindle 1983 Oviatt Cohen 1988 1989 Ward 1989 . Among other things speech understanding systems tend to have considerable difficulty with the indirection confirmations and reaffirmations nonword fillers false starts and overall wordiness of human speech van Katwijk van Nes .