tailieunhanh - Báo cáo " CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM THE GLOBAL CEMENT INDUSTRY "

The cement industry contributes about 5% to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, making the cement industry an important sector for CO2-emission mitigation strategies. CO2 is emitted from the calcination process of limestone, from combustion of fuels in the kiln, as well as from power generation. In this paper, we review the total CO2 emissions from cement making, including process and energyrelated emissions. Currently, most available data only includes the process emissions. We also discuss CO2 emission mitigation options for the cement industry | Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2001. 26 303-29 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry Ernst Worrell 1 Lynn Price 1 Nathan Martin 1 Chris Hendriks 2 and Leticia Ozawa Meida3 Energy Analysis Department Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 2Ecofys 3503 RK Utrecht The Netherlands and3Instituto de Ingenieria UniversidadNacional Autonoma de Mexico Coyoacan 04510 Mexico . e-mail Eworrell@ LKPrice@ NCMartin@ Key Words calcination climate change clinker energy Abstract The cement industry contributes about 5 to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions making the cement industry an important sector for CO2-emission mitigation strategies. CO2 is emitted from the calcination process of limestone from combustion of fuels in the kiln as well as from power generation. In this paper we review the total CO2 emissions from cement making including process and energy-related emissions. Currently most available data only includes the process emissions. We also discuss CO2 emission mitigation options for the cement industry. Estimated total carbon emissions from cement production in 1994 were 307 million metric tons of carbon MtC 160 MtC from process carbon emissions and 147 MtC from energy use. Overall the top 10 cement-producing countries in 1994 accounted for 63 of global carbon emissions from cement production. The average intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from total global cement production is 222 kg of C t of cement. Emission mitigation options include energy efficiency improvement new processes a shift to low carbon fuels application of waste fuels increased use of additives in cement making and eventually alternative cements and CO2 removal from flue gases in clinker kilns. contents 1. 2. PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF CEMENT MAKING .305 . Cement . Process Description .306 . Energy Use in Cement Making .309 The US government has the right to .