tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "RESPONSE GENERATION IN QUESTION - ANSWERING SYSTEMS"

AS part of our long-term research into techniques for information retrieval from natural language data bases, we have developed over the past few years a natural language interface for data base retrieval [1,2]. In developing this system, we have sought general, conceptually simple, linguistically-based solutlons to problems of semantic representation and interpretation. One component of the system, which we have recently redesigned and are now implementing in its revised form, involves the generation of responses. . | RESPONSE GENERATION IN QUESTION - ANSWERING SYSTEMS Ralph Grishman New York University 1. INTRODUCTION As part of our long-term research into techniques for information retrieval from natural language data bases we have developed over the past few years a natural language interface for data base retrieval 1 2 . In developing this system we have sought general conceptually simple linguistically-based solutions to problems of semantic representation and interpretation. One component of the system which we have recently redesigned and are now implementing in its revised form involves the generation of responses. This paper will briefly describe our approach and how this approach simplifies some of the problems of response generation. Our system processes a query in four stages syntactic analysis semantic analysis simplification and retrieval see Figure 1 . The syntactic analysis which is performed by the Linguistic string Parser constructs a parse tree and then applies a series of transformations which decompose the sentence into a operator-operand-adjunct tree. The semantic analysis first translates this tree into a formula of the predicate calculus with set-formers and quantification over sets. This is followed by anaphora resolution replacement of pronouns with their antecedents and predicate expansion replacement of predicates not appearing in the data base by their definitions in terms of predicates in the data base . The simplification stage performs certain optimizations on nested quantifiers after which the retrieval component evaluates the formula with respect to the data base and generates a response. Our original system like many current question-answering systems had simple mechanisms for generating lists and tables in response to questions. AS we broadened our system s coverage however to include predicate expansion and to handle a broad range of conjoined structures the number of ad hoa rules for generating answers grew considerably. We decided therefore

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