tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "The Structure and Process of Talking About Doing"

Now on the same side a• the subjects' point of view. We see the point of view indicated by •patlal delxls In the r e p o r t of problem solving as reflec~ir~ an underlying allocation of effort (or attention). Pew errors occur with problem elements that •re given processing effort, while constraints that •re given little attention are more often violated. %n this way, these reports are reflecting changes Zn the organization of the problem element• that occur over the course of reaching a solution. . | The Structure and Process of Talking About Doing Janes A. Levin and Edwin L. Hutchins Center for Hunan Information Processing University of California San Diego People talk about what they do often at the sane tine as they are doing. This reporting has an Inportant function in coordinating action between people working together on real everyday problens. It Is also an Inportant source of data for social scientists studying people s behavior In this paper we report on some studies we are doing on report dialogues. We describe two kinds of phenomena we have Identified outline a preliminary process model that Integrates the report generation with the processes that are generating the aotlona being reported upon and specify a systematic methodology for extracting relevant evidence bearing on these phenomena from text transcripts of talk about doing to use in evaluating the model. POINT OP VIEW Reports of problem solving actions are often used as evidence about the underlying cognitive processes Involved In generating a problem solution as problem solving protocols Newell 4 Simon 1972 . However these reports are obviously a kind of language Interaction In their own right In which the subject 13 rsportlng on his her own actions to the experimenter. We have analyzed problem solving protocols of people solving a puzzle called Missionaries and Cannibals and have found that in their reports people adopt a point of view with respect to the problem through a consistent use of spatial delxls. For example when a subject saysi . I can t send another cannibal aoroas with another missionary or he will be outnumbered when he gets to the other side . the delxls in her report plaoes her as apeaker on the from side of the considered action. Thia la Indicated both by the choice of the verb send and by the description of the other side . The same subject Indicated the to aide aa her point of view In another part of her protocol . cause you ve gotta have one person to bring back the boat.