tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "D-Theory: Talking about Trees"

Linguists, including computational linguists, have always been fond of talking about trees. In this paper, we outline a theory of linguistic structure which talks about talking about trees; we call this theory Description theory (D-theory). While important issues must be resolved before a complete picture of D-theory emerges (and also before we can build programs which utilize it), we believe that this theory will ultimately provide a framework for explaining the syntax and semantics of natural language in a manner which is intrinsically computational. . | D-Theory Talking about Talking about Trees Mitchell p. Marcus Donald Hindle Margaret M. Fleck Bell Laboratories Murray Hill New Jersey 07974 Linguists including computational linguists have always been fond of talking about trees. In this paper we outline a theory of linguistic structure which talks about talking about trees we call this theory Description theory D-theory . While important issues must be resolved before a complete picture of D-theory emerges and also before we can build programs which utilize it we believe that this theory will ultimately provide a framework for explaining the syntax and semantics of natural language in a manner which is intrinsically computational. This paper will focus primarily on one set of motivations for this theory those engendered by attempts to handle certain syntactic phenomena within the framework of deterministic parsing. 1. D-Theory An Inttoduction The key idea of D-theory is that a syntactic analysis of a sentence of English or other natural language consists of a description of its syntactic structure. Such a description contains information which differs from that contained in a standard tree structure in two crucial ways 1 The primitive predicate for indicating hierarchical structure in a D-theory description is dominates rather than directly dominates . A node A is said to dominate a node B if A is some ancestor of B A is said to directly dominate B if A is the immediate parent of B. A D-theory analysis thus expresses directly only what structures are contained somewhere within larger structures but does indicate per se what the immediate constituents of any particular constituent are. A tree structure on the other hand encodes which nodes are directly dominated by other nodes in the analysis it indicates directly the immediate constituents of each node. In a standard parse tree the topmost s node might directly dominate exactly a Noun Phrase node an Aux node and a Verb Phrase node it is thus made up of three .

• Báo cáo khoa học
• D Theory Talking about Trees
• Mitchell P
• Marcus Donald Hindle Margaret M
• Fleck
• Workshops
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln