tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "PROBLEMS IN LOGICAL FORM"

Central to this approach is the idea that the processing of an utterance involves producing an expression or structure that is in some sense a representation of the literal meaning of the utterance. It is often maintained that understanding what an utterance literally means consists in being able to recover this representation. | PROBLEMS IN LOGICAL FORM Robert c. Moore SRI International Menlo Park CA 94025 I INTRODUCTION Decomposition of the problem of language understanding into manageable subproblems has always posed a major challenge to the development theories of and systems for natural-language processing. More or less distinct components are conventionally proposed for handling syntax semantics pragmatics and Inference. While disagreement exists as to what phenomena properly belong In each area and how much or what kinds of Interaction there are among these components there Is fairly widespread concurrence as to the overall organization of linguistic processing. Central to this approach Is the Idea that the processing of an utterance involves producing an expression or structure chat Is In some sense a representation of the literal meaning of the utterance. It Is often maintained that understanding what an utterance literally means consists In being able to recover this representation. In philosophy and linguistics this sort of representation Is usually said to display the logical fora of an utterance so we will refer somewhat loosely to the representations themselves as logical forms. This paper surveys what we at SRI view as some of the key problems encountered In defining a system of representation for the logical forms of English sentences and suggests possible approaches to their solution. We will first look at some general Issues related to the notion of logical form and then discuss a number of problems associated with the way Information Involving certain key concepts Is expressed In English. Although our main concern here is with theoretical Issues rather than with system performance this paper Is not merely speculative. The DIALOGIC system currently under development In the SRI Artificial Intelligence Center parses English sentences and translates them Into logical forms embodying many of the Ideas presented here. II THE NATURE OF LOGICAL FORM The first question to ask Is .