tailieunhanh - MEDIA AND POLITICAL POLARIZATION

The primary form of funding for both the Flemish and French-language public broadcasters is government appropriations that are established between the broadcaster and ruling government via a “management contract.” These contracts (created every five years) set forth funding levels for the length of the contract and tie that funding to a variety of performance criteria (D’Haenens et al. 2009). Objectives are established in four broad areas — services (. reach and appreciation), innovation, staff policy and financial management; annual funding increases are contingent upon meeting these criteria. Annual reports are required to establish whether these objectives have been met; a. | Media and Political Polarization Markus Prior Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Politics Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544-1013 phone fax mprior@ to appear in Annual Review of Political Science Volume 16 for early access and final versions go to http doi pdf annurev-polisci-100711-135242 Abstract 147 words This essay examines if the emergence of more partisan media has contributed to political polarization and led Americans to support more partisan policies and candidates. Congress and some newer media outlets have added more partisan messages to a continuing supply of mostly centrist news. Although political attitudes of most Americans have remained fairly moderate evidence points to some polarization among the politically involved. Proliferation of media choices lowered the share of less interested less partisan voters and thereby made elections more partisan. But evidence for a causal link between more partisan messages and changing attitudes or behaviors is mixed at best. Measurement problems hold back research on partisan selective exposure and its consequences. Ideologically one-sided news exposure may be largely confined to a small but highly involved and influential segment of the population. There is no firm evidence that partisan media are making ordinary Americans more partisan. Table of Contents Partisan Elites Partisan Media Polarization and Partisanship in the Mass Public Polarization without Persuasion Media Choice Political Involvement Do Partisan Media Increase Attitude Polarization The Effect of Exposure on Attitudes Partisan Selectivity How Many People Watch Partisan News Do Fox News Viewers Tune Out the Other Side Measurement Error and Partisan Selective Exposure Do Partisan Media Change Minds Conclusion Beyond Selective Exposure News Brands and Social Media News Junkies Partisan Activists and the other 85 Percent Keywords audience measurement selective exposure .

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