tailieunhanh - Chapter 5: Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures: composition may vary from one sample to another, appears to be one substance, though really contains multiple materials; most homogeneous materials we encounter are actually solutions; nature has a tendency toward spontaneous mixing. | Chapter 5 Solutions Solution homogeneous mixtures composition may vary from one sample to another appears to be one substance, though really contains multiple materials most homogeneous materials we encounter are actually solutions ., air and sea water nature has a tendency toward spontaneous mixing generally, uniform mixing is more energetically favorable Solutions solute is the dissolved substance seems to “disappear” “takes on the state” of the solvent solvent is the substance solute dissolves in does not appear to change state when both solute and solvent have the same state, the solvent is the component present in the highest percentage solutions in which the solvent is water are called aqueous solutions Seawater drinking seawater will dehydrate you and give you diarrhea the cell wall acts as a barrier to solute moving the only way for the seawater and the cell solution to have uniform mixing is for water to flow out of the cells of your intestine and . | Chapter 5 Solutions Solution homogeneous mixtures composition may vary from one sample to another appears to be one substance, though really contains multiple materials most homogeneous materials we encounter are actually solutions ., air and sea water nature has a tendency toward spontaneous mixing generally, uniform mixing is more energetically favorable Solutions solute is the dissolved substance seems to “disappear” “takes on the state” of the solvent solvent is the substance solute dissolves in does not appear to change state when both solute and solvent have the same state, the solvent is the component present in the highest percentage solutions in which the solvent is water are called aqueous solutions Seawater drinking seawater will dehydrate you and give you diarrhea the cell wall acts as a barrier to solute moving the only way for the seawater and the cell solution to have uniform mixing is for water to flow out of the cells of your intestine and into your digestive tract Common Types of Solution Solution Phase Solute Phase Solvent Phase Example gaseous solutions gas gas air (mostly N2 & O2) liquid solutions gas liquid solid liquid liquid liquid soda (CO2 in H2O) vodka (C2H5OH in H2O) seawater (NaCl in H2O) solid solutions solid solid brass (Zn in Cu) solutions that contain Hg and some other metal are called amalgams solutions that contain metal solutes and a metal solvent are called alloys Brass Type Color % Cu % Zn Density g/cm3 MP °C Tensile Strength psi Uses Gilding redish 95 5 1066 50K pre-83 pennies, munitions, plaques Commercial bronze 90 10 1043 61K door knobs, grillwork Jewelry bronze 1035 66K costume jewelry Red golden 85 15 1027 70K electrical sockets, fasteners & eyelets Low deep yellow 80 20 999 74K musical instruments, clock dials Cartridge yellow 70 30 954 76K car radiator cores Common yellow 67 33 940 70K lamp fixtures, bead chain Muntz metal yellow 60